解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Using in vitro drug sensitivity data coupled with Affymetrix microarray data, we developed gene expression signatures that predict sensitivity to individual chemotherapeutic drugs. Each signature was validated with response data from an independent set of cell line studies. We further show that many of these signature...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/nm1491
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smallpox was eradicated without an adequate understanding of how vaccination induced protection. In response to possible bioterrorism with smallpox, the UK government vaccinated approximately 300 health care workers with vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Lister. Antibody responses were analyzed using ELISA for multiple sur...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1457
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cycle of gallbladder filling and emptying controls the flow of bile into the intestine for digestion. Here we show that fibroblast growth factor-15, a hormone made by the distal small intestine in response to bile acids, is required for gallbladder filling. These studies demonstrate that gallbladder filling is act...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1501
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical use of G-CSF can result in vascular and inflammatory complications. To investigate the molecular basis of these effects, we analyzed the adherence of G-CSF-mobilized human peripheral blood leukocytes (ML) to inflamed (TNF-alpha-stimulated) vascular endothelium. Studies using parallel plate assays under physio...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1470
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attachment to the plasma membrane by linkage to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a mode of protein expression highly conserved from protozoa to mammals. As a clinical entity, deficiency of GPI has been recognized as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, an acquired clonal disorder associated with somatic ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1410
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice carrying mutations in both the dystrophin and utrophin genes die prematurely as a consequence of severe muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that intravascular administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors carrying a microdystrophin gene restores expression of dystrophin in the respiratory, car...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1439
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice transgenic for antisense Notch and normal mice treated with inhibitors of the Notch-activating enzyme gamma-secretase showed reduced damage to brain cells and improved functional outcome in a model of focal ischemic stroke. Notch endangers neurons by modulating pathways that increase their vulnerability to apopto...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1403
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism underlying the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS1) has been attributed to defective T-cell negative selection resulting from reduced expression and presentation of autoantigens in thymic medullary epithelial cells (MECs). It has also been postulated that Aire is involved in development of reg...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/nm1424
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a more than 20-year experience of therapeutic benefit, the relevant molecular and cellular targets of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in autoimmune disease remain unclear. Contrary to the prevailing theories of IVIg action in autoimmunity, we show that IVIg drives signaling through activating Fc gamma recept...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1416
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defects in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation are frequently observed in human cancers and result in escape of tumors from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune surveillance in mice. Here, we show the existence of a unique category of CTLs that can prevent this escape. The CTL...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1381
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated the ability of neonatal porcine islets to engraft and restore glucose control in pancreatectomized rhesus macaques. Although porcine islets transplanted into nonimmunosuppressed macaques were rapidly rejected by a process consistent with cellular rejection, recipients treated with a CD28-CD154 costimulati...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1375
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that a single portal vein infusion of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) expressing canine Factor IX (F.IX) resulted in long-term expression of therapeutic levels of F.IX in dogs with severe hemophilia B. We carried out a phase 1/2 dose-escalation clinical study to extend this ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1358
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is an immunoinflammatory disease elicited by accumulation of lipids in the artery wall and leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, we show that naturally arising CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which actively maintain immunological tolerance to self and nonself antigens, are powerful inhibit...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1343
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure and function of blood vessels adapt to environmental changes such as physical development and exercise. This phenomenon is based on the ability of the endothelial cells to sense and respond to blood flow; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the ATP-gated P2X4 ion channel,...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1338
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An effective acquired immune response to infectious agents mediated by HLA-restricted T-cell recognition can target different stages of disease pathogenesis. We show here that three distinct HLA alleles known to alter the overall rate of AIDS progression act during distinct intervals after HIV-1 infection. The discret...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1333
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunodeficiency is a barrier to successful vaccination in individuals with cancer and chronic infection. We performed a randomized phase 1/2 study in lymphopenic individuals after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myeloma. Combination immunotherapy consisting of a singl...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/nm1310
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurovascular dysfunction substantially contributes to Alzheimer disease. Here, we show that transcriptional profiling of human brain endothelial cells (BECs) defines a subset of genes whose expression is age-independent but is considerably altered in Alzheimer disease, including the homeobox gene MEOX2 (also known as...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1287
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the protective potential of the humoral immune response against HIV-1 in vivo we evaluated the potency of three neutralizing antibodies (2G12, 2F5 and 4E10) in suppressing viral rebound in six acutely and eight chronically HIV-1-infected individuals undergoing interruption of antiretroviral treatment (ART...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1244
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic inflammation induces various adaptive responses including tachycardia. Although inflammation-associated tachycardia has been thought to result from increased sympathetic discharge caused by inflammatory signals of the immune system, definitive proof has been lacking. Prostanoids, including prostaglandin (PG) ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1231
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a childhood premature aging disease caused by a spontaneous point mutation in lamin A (encoded by LMNA), one of the major architectural elements of the mammalian cell nucleus. The HGPS mutation activates an aberrant cryptic splice site in LMNA pre-mRNA, leading to synthes...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1204
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vaccines developed over the first two hundred years since Jenner's lifetime have accomplished striking reductions of infection and disease wherever applied. Pasteur's early approaches to vaccine development, attenuation and inactivation, are even now the two poles of vaccine technology. Today, purification of micr...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1209
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal allergens are an important cause of asthma and allergic rhinitis. We designed and tested a chimeric human-cat fusion protein composed of a truncated human IgG Fcgamma1 and the major cat allergen Fel d1, as a proof of concept for a new approach to allergy immunotherapy. This Fcgamma-Fel d1 protein induced dose-d...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1219
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF), a member of the angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl) family, is secreted predominantly from the liver into the systemic circulation. Here, we show that most (>80%) of the AGF-deficient mice die at about embryonic day 13, whereas the surviving AGF-deficient mice develop marked ob...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1214
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted gene transduction to specific tissues and organs through intravenous injection would be the ultimate preferred method of gene delivery. Here, we report successful targeting in a living animal through intravenous injection of a lentiviral vector pseudotyped with a modified chimeric Sindbis virus envelope (term...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1192
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation may underlie the metabolic disorders of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. IkappaB kinase beta (IKK-beta, encoded by Ikbkb) is a central coordinator of inflammatory responses through activation of NF-kappaB. To understand the role of IKK-beta in insulin resistance, we used mice lacking this enzyme in...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1185
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modest clinical outcomes of dendritic-cell (DC) vaccine trials call for the refinement of DC vaccine design. Although many potential antigens have been identified, development of methods to enhance antigen presentation by DCs has lagged. We have engineered a potent, drug-inducible CD40 (iCD40) receptor that permits te...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1183
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Period (Per) genes are involved in regulation of the circadian clock and are thought to modulate several brain functions. We demonstrate that Per2(Brdm1) mutant mice, which have a deletion in the PAS domain of the Per2 protein, show alterations in the glutamatergic system. Lowered expression of the glutamate transport...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1163
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes, a disease in which the body does not produce or use insulin properly, is a serious global health problem. Gut polypeptides secreted in response to food intake, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are potent incretin hormones that enhance the glucose-dependent secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta ce...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1168
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BTB/POZ transcriptional repressor and candidate oncogene BCL6 is frequently misregulated in B-cell lymphomas. The interface through which the BCL6 BTB domain mediates recruitment of the SMRT, NCoR and BCoR corepressors was recently identified. To determine the contribution of this interface to BCL6 transcriptional...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1134
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The optimism of the early period of antimicrobial discovery has been tempered by the emergence of bacterial strains with resistance to these therapeutics. Today, clinically important bacteria are characterized not only by single drug resistance but also by multiple antibiotic resistance--the legacy of past decades of ...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nm1145
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of Lyn ablation on the survival of drug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) blast crisis cells using siRNA. Lyn siRNA reduced Lyn protein in both normal hematopoietic cells and BCR-ABL1-expressing (BCR-ABL1(+)) blasts by 80-95%. Within 48 h, siRNA-treated BCR-ABL1(+) blasts underwent ap...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1127
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pten is an important phosphatase, suppressing the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway. Here, we generated adipose-specific Pten-deficient (AdipoPten-KO) mice, using newly generated Acdc promoter-driven Cre transgenic mice. AdipoPten-KO mice showed lower body and adipose tissue weights despite hyperphagia and enh...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/nm1117
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revolution in cancer research can be summed up in a single sentence: cancer is, in essence, a genetic disease. In the last decade, many important genes responsible for the genesis of various cancers have been discovered, their mutations precisely identified, and the pathways through which they act characterized. T...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nm1087
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have seen an explosion in the rate of discovery of genetic defects linked to Parkinson's disease. These breakthroughs have not provided a direct explanation for the disease process. Nevertheless, they have helped transform Parkinson's disease research by providing tangible clues to the neurobiology of the...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nm1068
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determine here the functional integrity of auxiliary livers in containers fashioned from the small intestine. Liver microfragments from dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)-deficient rats were transplanted into syngeneic normal animals with isolated intestinal segments characterized by mucosal denudation but intact vascul...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1057
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-delta; also known as PPAR-beta) is expressed at high levels in colon tumors, but its contribution to colon cancer is unclear. We examined the role of PPAR-delta in colon carcinogenesis using PPAR-delta-deficient (Ppard(-/-)) mice. In both the Min mutant and chemic...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1026
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Nogo-A has been identified in the central nervous system as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration, the peripheral roles of Nogo isoforms remain virtually unknown. Here, using a proteomic analysis to identify proteins enriched in caveolae and/or lipid rafts (CEM/LR), we show that Nogo-B is highly expressed in cu...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1020
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune T-helper cells drive pathogenic autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanisms maintaining those T cells are unknown. Autoreactive T cells are normally eliminated by functional inactivation (anergy) and activation-induced cell death (AICD) or apoptosis through death recept...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm1005
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Engendering cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses is likely to be an important goal of HIV vaccines. However, CTLs select for viral variants that escape immune detection. Maintenance of such escape variants in human populations could pose an obstacle to HIV vaccine development. We first observed that escape mutations...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm998
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces pulmonary edema and has a key role in acute lung injury (ALI). Here we show that PAF induces pulmonary edema through two mechanisms: acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-dependent production of ceramide, and activation of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Agents that interfere with PAF-induce...
journal_title:Nature medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nm977
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00